There are two major themes in my research on regulation. The first is around domestic regulation, focusing on an emerging regulatory approach that Cary Coglianese and I have labeled "management-based regulation" (MBR). MBR is an intervention at the management level, rather than output or technology level, and has really become quite widespread in the last 15 years, as command and control has hit its limits in a variety of domains. Our papers provide an exploration of the defining features of this regulatory tool, and point to underlying conditions (e.g., heterogeneity of regulated sites, and high costs of measurement) under which MBR might be a desirable regulatory model. In the second theme of my research on regulation, I look at the types of regulatory interdependence that exist in the international system. In particular, I have argued (1, 5, 6) that there are three modes of regulatory policy interdependence: competitive, coordinative, and informational. In the competitive mode, states use regulatory policy to differentiate themselves in competition with other states—e.g., for international capital. In the coordinative mode, states benefit by having the same standards as other states—e.g., to maintain access to foreign markets. Finally, in the informational mode (2), states are informationally interdependent, where the experiences of one country provide lessons for others.

(1) David Lazer, "Regulatory Capitalism as a Networked Order: The International System as an Informational Network," Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 2005.

(2) Cary Coglianese and David Lazer, "Management-Based Regulation: Prescribing Private Management to Achieve Public Goals," Law & Society Review, December 2003.

(3) David Lazer, "Regulatory Review: Presidential Control Through Selective Communication and Institutionalized Conflict," Center for Public Leadership Working paper, 2003.

(4) David Lazer, "Management-Based Regulatory Strategies," in Jack Donahue and Joseph Nye (Eds.), Market-Based Governance: Supply Side, Demand Side, Upside, and Downside, Washington, DC: Brookings, 2002 (with Cary Coglianese).

(5) David Lazer and Viktor Mayer-Schoenberger, "Governing Networks," Brooklyn Journal of International Law, volume 27, number 3, 2002, 819-851.

(6) David Lazer, "Regulatory Interdependence and International Governance," Journal of European Public Policy, April 2001, 474-492.

(7) "4 Blueprints for Change: Devolution and Subsidiarity in the United States and the European Union," in Kalypso
Nicolaidis and Robert Howse (eds), The Federal Vision: Legitimacy and Levels of Governance in the
US and the EU, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001 (co-author with Viktor Mayer-Schoenberger).

**(For any of the above articles without a link, please email david_lazer(at)harvard.edu for a PDF or hardcopy)